Bibliography for Early Medieval Europe

Althoff G, Otto III (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003) <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip043/2003009373.html>

Althoff, Gerd, Otto III (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003)

——, Otto III (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003)

——, Otto III (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003) <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip043/2003009373.html>

Angenendt, A., The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons Considered against the Background of the Early Medieval Mission

Arnold, Benjamin, Medieval Germany, 500-1300: A Political Interpretation, vol European history in perspective (Macmillan 1997)

Barlow and F., ‘Edward the Confessor and the Norman Conquest’, The Norman Conquest and beyond (Hambledon Press 1983)

Barrett and J.H., ‘What Caused the Viking Age?’ (2008) 82 Antiquity: a quarterly review of archaeology

Bates and D., ‘West Francia: The Kingdom’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Bates, David, Normandy before 1066 (Longman 1982)

——, William the Conqueror, vol The kings&queens of medieval England (Illustrated ed, Tempus 2001)

Bautier, Robert Henri, The Economic Development of Medieval Europe, vol Library of European Civilization (Thames and Hudson 1971)

Bede, Colgrave, Bertram, and Mynors, R. A. B., Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, vol Oxford medieval texts (OUP 1969)

Bernstein and D.J., ‘The Blinding of Harold and the Meaning of the Bayeux Tapestry’ (1983) 5 Anglo-Norman Studies

Blair, John, The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford University Press 2005)

Boone, James L., Lost Civilization: The Contested Islamic Past in Spain and Portugal, vol Duckworth debates in archaeology (Duckworth 2009)

Bouet, Pierre, Levy, B. J., and Neveux, François, The Bayeux Tapestry: Embroidering the Facts of History : Proceedings of the Cerisy Colloquium (1999) (Presses universitaires de Caen 2004)

Bowden, William and Hodges, Richard, The Sixth Century: Production, Distribution, and Demand, vol Transformation of the Roman world (Brill 1998)

Breeze and L.W., ‘The Persistence of Scandinavian Connections in Normandy in the Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries’ (1977) 8 Viator: medieval and renaissance studies

Brink, Stefan and Price, Neil, The Viking World, vol The Routledge worlds (Routledge 2008)

Brockopp, Jonathan E., The Cambridge Companion to Muḥammad, vol Cambridge companions to religion (Cambridge University Press 2010) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://cco.cambridge.org/login2%3Fdest%3D%252Fbook%253Fid%253Dccol9780521886079_CCOL9780521886079>

Brooke, Christopher, Europe in the Central Middle Ages 962-1154, vol A general history of Europe (3rd ed, Longman 2000)

——, Europe in the Central Middle Ages 962-1154, vol A general history of Europe (3rd ed, Longman 2000)

Brooks and N., ‘Canterbury, Rome and the Construction of English Identity’, Early medieval Rome and the Christian West: essays in honour of Donald A. Bullough, vol The medieval Mediterranean (Brill 2000)

Brooks and N.P., ‘The Authority and Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry’ (1983) 1 Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies

Brown and R.A., ‘The Battle of Hastings’ (1981) 3 Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies

Brown and S.A., ‘The Bayeux Tapestry: History or Propaganda?’, The Anglo-Saxons, synthesis and achievement (Wilfrid Laurier University Press 1985)

Brown, Peter, The World of Late Antiquity: From Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad, vol [Library of European civilization] (Thames and Hudson 1971)

——, The World of Late Antiquity: From Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad, vol [Library of European civilization] (Thames and Hudson 1971)

——, The World of Late Antiquity: From Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad, vol [Library of European civilization] (Thames and Hudson 1971)

——, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200-1000, vol The making of Europe (Blackwell 1996)

Brown, Reginald Allen, The Normans and the Norman Conquest (2nd ed, Boydell Press 1985)

Bullough, D., The Age of Charlemagne (Elek 1973)

Cameron, Averil, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600, vol Routledge history of the ancient world (Routledge 1993)

Campbell and J., ‘The Debt of the Early English Church to Ireland’, Irland und die Christenheit: Bibelstudien und Mission =Ireland and Christendom ; the Bible and the missions, vol Veröffentlichungen des Europa Zentrums Tübingen (Klett-Cotta 1987)

Campbell, James, Essays in Anglo-Saxon History (Hambledon Press 1986)

Campbell, James, John, Eric, and Wormald, Patrick, The Anglo-Saxons (Phaidon 1982)

——, The Anglo-Saxons (Phaidon 1982)

‘Carolingian Polyptyques’

Carpenter D, The Struggle for Mastery: Britain, 1066-1284 (Penguin 2004)

Carpenter, David, The Struggle for Mastery: Britain, 1066-1284 (Penguin 2004)

——, The Struggle for Mastery: Britain, 1066-1284 (Penguin 2004)

Carver and M., ‘The Cross Goes North: Process of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300’, The cross goes north: processes of conversion in northern Europe, AD 300-1300 (York Medieval Press, in association with Boydell Press 2003)

Charles-Edwards and T., ‘Conversion to Christianity’, After Rome, vol The short Oxford history of the British Isles (Oxford University Press 2003)

Christiansen, Eric, The Norsemen in the Viking Age, vol Peoples of Europe (Blackwell Publishers 2002)

Christie N, The Fall of the Western Roman Empire: An Archaeological and Historical Perspective, vol Historical endings (Bloomsbury Academic 2011)

Clanchy, M. T., England and Its Rulers, 1066-1272 (2nd ed, Blackwell 1998)

Collins and R., ‘Spain: The Northern Kingdoms and the Basques, 711-910’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

——, ‘The Western Kingdoms’, The Cambridge Ancient History: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D.425-600, Vol. 14 (CUP 2000)

Collins R, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797, vol A History of Spain (B Blackwell 1989)

——, Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000, vol New studies in medieval history (Second edition, St Martin’s Press 1995)

——, Charlemagne (Macmillan 1998)

——, Charlemagne (Macmillan 1998)

Collins, Roger, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797, vol A History of Spain (B Blackwell 1989)

——, Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000, vol New studies in medieval history (2nd ed, St Martin’s Press 1995)

——, Charlemagne (Macmillan 1998)

——, Charlemagne (Macmillan 1998)

——, Visigothic Spain, 409-711, vol A history of Spain (Blackwell Pub 2004)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

——, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, vol Palgrave history of Europe (3rd ed, Palgrave Macmillan 2010)

Cook, M A., Muhammad (OUP 1983)

Costambeys M, Innes M and MacLean S, The Carolingian World, vol Cambridge medieval textbooks (Cambridge University Press 2011)

Costambeys, Marios, Innes, Matthew, and MacLean, Simon, The Carolingian World, vol Cambridge medieval textbooks (Cambridge University Press 2011)

Coupland and S., ‘The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

——, ‘From Poachers to Gamekeepers: Scandinavian Warlords and Carolingian Kings’ (1998) 7 Early medieval Europe <databaseName>

——, ‘The Vikings on the Continent in Myth and History’ (2003) 88 History

Coupland, S. and Nelson, and J., ‘The Vikings on the Continent’ (1988) 38 History Today

Cowdrey and H.E.J., ‘Towards an Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry’ (1988) 10 Anglo-Norman studies <databaseName>

Dahy and W.M., ‘Clovis: How Barbaric, How Pagan?’ (1994) 69 Speculum: a journal of medieval studies

Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I., A History of Medieval Europe (3rd ed. / by R.I. Moore, with the assistance of Joanna Huntington, Pearson Longman 2006)

Dunbabin, Jean, France in the Making 843-1180 (2nd ed, Oxford University Press 2000)

——, France in the Making 843-1180 (2nd ed, Oxford University Press 2000)

Dutton, Paul Edward, Carolingian Civilization: A Reader, vol Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures (2nd ed, Broadview Press 2004)

Dutton PE, Charlemagne’s Courtier: The Complete Einhard, vol Readings in Medieval civilizations&cultures (2 ed, University of Toronto Press 1998)

Effros, Bonnie, Merovingian Mortuary Archaeology and the Making of the Early Middle Ages, vol The transformation of the classical heritage (University of California Press 2003)

Einhard, ‘Life or Charlemagne’, Charlemagne’s courtier: the complete Einhard, vol Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures (Broadview Press 1998)

Einhard and Dutton, Paul Edward, Charlemagne’s Courtier: The Complete Einhard, vol Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures (Broadview Press 1998)

Fleckenstein, J., Early Medieval Germany (North-Holland 1978)

Fletcher, R. A., The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity, 371-1386 AD (HarperCollins 1997)

Folz, Robert, The Coronation of Charlemagne, 25 December 800 (Routledge & K Paul 1974)

Fouracre and P., ‘Frankish Gaul to 814’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Fouracre, Paul, The Age of Charles Martel, vol The medieval world (Longman 2000)

Gameson R, The Study of the Bayeux Tapestry (Boydell Press 1997)

——, St. Augustine and the Conversion of England (Sutton 1999)

Gameson, Richard, St Augustine and the Conversion of England (Sutton Publishing 1999)

Ganshof, François Louis, The Carolingians and the Frankish Monarchy, vol Studies in Carolingian history (Longman 1971)

Ganz D, Einhard, and Notker, Two Lives of Charlemagne, vol Penguin classics (Penguin Books 2008)

Garrison, Eliza, Ottonian Imperial Art and Portraiture: The Artistic Patronage of Otto III and Henry II (Ashgate 2012)

Geary, Patrick J., Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World (Oxford University Press 1988)

——, Readings in Medieval History: Vol. 1: [The Early Middle Ages] (3rd ed, Broadview Press 2003)

Gillingham, John, The Kingdom of Germany in the High Middle Ages (900-1200), vol Historical Association. General series no. 77 (Historical Association 1971)

Glick, T F., Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages (Princeton UP 1979)

Goetz and H.-W., ‘Gens, Kings and Kingdoms: The Franks’, Regna and gentes: the relationship between late antique and early medieval peoples and kingdoms in the transformation of the Roman world, vol The transformation of the Roman world (Brill 2003)

Goffart and W., ‘Rome, Constantinople, and the Barbarians’ (1981) 86 American historical review

Golding B, Conquest and Colonisation: The Normans in Britain, 1066-1100, vol British history in perspective (Revised edition, Palgrave 2001)

Golding, Brian, Conquest and Colonisation: The Normans in Britain, 1066-1100, vol British history in perspective (Rev ed, Palgrave 2001)

Graham-Campbell, James, The Viking World (3rd Frances Lincoln ed, F Lincoln 2001)

Graham-Campbell, James, Kidd, Dafydd, and British Museum, The Vikings (Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications 1980)

Grape, Wolfgang, The Bayeux Tapestry: Monument to a Norman Triumph (Prestel 1994)

Grierson and P., ‘Commerce in the Dark Ages: A Critique of the Evidence’ (1959) 5 Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Halsall and G., ‘PLaying Buy Whose Rukles? A Further Look at Viking Atrocity’ (1992) 2 Medieval history <databaseName>

——, ‘The Barbarian Invasions’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

——, ‘Childeric’s Grave, Clovis’ Succession, and the Origins of the Merovingian Kingdom’, Society and culture in late antique Gaul: revisiting the sources (Ashgate 2001)

Halsall, Guy, Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376-568, vol Cambridge medieval textbooks (Cambridge University Press 2007) <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=377864>

——, Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376-568, vol Cambridge medieval textbooks (Cambridge University Press 2007) <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=377864>

Hamerow and H., ‘The Earliest Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Hanawalt and E.H., ‘Dudo of Saint-Quentin - the Heroic Past Imagined’ (1994) 6 The Haskins Society journal: studies in medieval history

Hansen, Inge Lyse and Wickham, Chris, The Long Eighth Century: [Production, Distribution and Demand], vol Transformation of the Roman world (Brill 2000)

Harper-Bill, Christopher and van Houts, Elizabeth, A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World (Boydell 2002) <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=218404>

——, A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World (Boydell 2002) <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=218404>

‘Hastings 1066 Website’

Havighurst, Alfred F., The Pirenne Thesis: Analysis, Criticism, and Revision, vol Problems in European civilization (Heath)

Heather and P., ‘The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe’ (1995) 110 English historical review

——, ‘The Western Empire, 425-76’, The Cambridge Ancient History: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D.425-600, Vol. 14 (CUP 2000)

Heather, P. J., The Goths, vol Peoples of Europe (Blackwell 1998)

——, The Fall of the Roman Empire (Macmillan 2005)

——, Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development and the Birth of Europe (Pan 2010)

——, Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development and the Birth of Europe (Pan 2010)

Herrin, Judith, The Formation of Christendom (Blackwell 1987)

Hicks and C., ‘The Borders of the Bayeux Tapestry’, England in the eleventh century: proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium, vol Harlaxton Medieval Studies (Paul Watkins 1992)

Hicks, Carola, The Bayeux Tapestry: The Life Story of a Masterpiece (Chatto & Windus 2006)

Higham, N. J., The Norman Conquest, vol Sutton pocket histories (Sutton Pub 1998)

Higham, Nick, The Death of Anglo-Saxon England (Sutton 1997)

Hill, Boyd H., Medieval Monarchy in Action: The German Empire from Henry I to Henry IV, vol Historical problems : studies and documents (Allen and Unwin 1972)

Hillenbrand and C., ‘Muhammed and the Rise of Islam’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Hodges and R., ‘Charlemagne’s Elephant’ (2000) 50 History Today

——, ‘Goodbye to the Vikings’ (2004) 54 History Today

Hodges, Richard, Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade A.D. 600-1000, vol New approaches in archaeology (2nd ed, Duckworth 1989)

Hodges, Richard and Whitehouse, David, Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis (Duckworth 1983)

——, Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis (Duckworth 1983)

Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van, The Normans in Europe, vol Manchester medieval sources series (Manchester University Press 2000) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/sources.htm>

——, The Normans in Europe, vol Manchester medieval sources series (Manchester University Press 2000) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/sources.htm>

Hudson, Benjamin T., Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic (Oxford University Press 2005)

Innes, Matthew, State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000, vol Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought (Cambridge University Press 2000)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

——, An Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900: The Sword, the Plough and the Book (Routledge 2007)

Jackson, Gabriel, The Making of Medieval Spain, vol Library of European Civilization (Thames and Hudson 1972)

James and E., ‘The Origins of Barbarian Kingdoms: The Continental Evidence’, The Origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, vol Studies in the early history of Britain (Leicester University Press 1989)

James, Edward, The Origins of France: From Clovis to the Capetians, 500-1000, vol New studies in medieval history (Macmillan 1982)

——, The Franks, vol The peoples of Europe (Blackwell 1988)

——, The Franks, vol The peoples of Europe (Blackwell 1988)

——, Britain in the First Millennium, vol Britain and Europe (Oxford University Press 2001)

——, Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600 (1st ed, Pearson Longman 2009)

——, Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600 (1st ed, Pearson Longman 2009)

——, Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600 (1st ed, Pearson Longman 2009)

John and E., ‘The End of Anglo-Saxon England’, The Anglo-Saxons (Phaidon 1982)

Jones, Gwyn, A History of the Vikings (Rev ed, OUP 1984)

Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

——, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (Penguin 2005)

Kennedy and H., ‘The Muslims in Europe’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Kennedy, H., The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (Phoenix 2008)

Kennedy H, The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (Paperback edition, Phoenix 2008)

Kennedy, Hugh, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus (Longman 1996)

——, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus (Longman 1996)

Kennedy, Hugh, Bel, Marc, and Donck, Peter van der, An Historical Atlas of Islam =: Atlas Historique de l’Islam (2nd, rev. ed edn, Brill 2002)

King, P. D., Charlemagne: Translated Sources (P D King 1987)

Lapidge, Michael and others, The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England (Blackwell 1998)

Latouche, R., The Birth of Western Economy; Economic Aspects of the Dark Ages (Methuen)

Lawson and M.K., ‘Observations on a Scene in the Bayeux Tapestry, the Battle of Hastings and the Military System of the Late Anglo-Saxon State’, The Medieval state: essays presented to James Campbell (Hambledon Press 2000)

Lawson, M. K., The Battle of Hastings, 1066 ([New ed], Tempus 2003)

Leyser and K., ‘Ottonian Government’ (1981) 96 English historical review

——, ‘Ritual, Ceremony and Gesture: Ottonian Germany’, Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries (Hambledon Press 1994)

Leyser, K J., Medieval Germany and Its Neighbours, 900-1250 (Hambledon Press 1982)

Leyser, Karl and Reuter, Timothy, Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries (Hambledon Press 1994)

Leyser, Karl J., Rule and Conflict in an Early Medieval Society: Ottonian Saxony (E Arnold 1979) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01063>

Little, Lester K. and Rosenwein, Barbara H., Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings (Blackwell Publishers 1998)

Logan, F. Donald, The Vikings in History (3rd ed, Routledge 2005)

Lombard, Maurice, The Golden Age of Islam, vol North-Holland medieval translations (North-Holland 1975)

——, The Golden Age of Islam, vol North-Holland medieval translations (American Elsevier 1975)

Lowney, Chris, A Vanished World: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Medieval Spain (Oxford University Press 2006)

Loyn, H R., The Reign of Charlemagne: Documents on Carolingian Government and Administration (Arnold 1975)

Mackay, A., Spain in the Middle Ages: From Frontier to Empire, 1000-1500 (Macmillan 1977)

MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

——, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

——, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

——, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

——, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

——, Atlas of Medieval Europe (Routledge 1997)

Macmullen and R., ‘Barbarian Enclaves in the Northern Roman Empire’, Changes in the Roman Empire: essays in the ordinary, vol ACLS History e-book project (Princeton University Press 1990) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01452>

Markus, R. A., Gregory the Great and His World (Cambridge University Press 1997)

——, Gregory the Great and a Papal Missionary Strategy

Matthew, H. C. G., Harrison, Brian Howard, and British Academy, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000 ([New ed], Oxford University Press 2004)

Mayr-Harting and H., ‘Charlemagne, the Saxons and the Imperial Coronation of 800’ (1996) 111 English historical review

Mayr-Harting H, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England (Third edition, Batsford 1991)

Mayr-Harting, Henry, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed, Batsford 1991)

——, Ottonian Book Illumination: An Historical Study (2nd rev. one-volume ed, Harvey Miller 1999)

——, Ottonian Book Illumination: An Historical Study (2nd rev. one-volume ed, Harvey Miller 1999)

McCormick, Michael, Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, A.D. 300-900 (Cambridge University Press 2001)

McEvedy, Colin, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

——, The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (New ed, Penguin 1992)

McKitterick and R., ‘Continuity and Innovation in Tenth-Century Ottonian Culture’, Intellectual life in the Middle Ages: essays presented to Margaret Gibson (Hambledon 1992)

——, ‘Ottonian Intellectual Culture’ (1993) 2 Early medieval Europe <databaseName>

McKitterick R, Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (Cambridge University Press 2008) <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2008000621-t.html>

McKitterick, Rosamond, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987 (Longman 1983)

——, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987 (Longman 1983)

——, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987 (Longman 1983)

——, Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (Cambridge University Press 1994)

——, Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (Cambridge University Press 2008)

——, Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (Cambridge University Press 2008)

McKitterick, Rosamond, Allmand, C. T., and Abulafia, David, The New Cambridge Medieval History (CUP 1995)

Meens and R, ‘A Background to Augustine’s Mission to Anglo-Saxon England’

Meyer, M., Queens, Convents and Conversion in Early Anglo-Saxon England

Meyerson, Mark D. and English, Edward D., Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Medieval and Early Modern Spain: Interaction and Cultural Change, vol Notre Dame conferences in medieval studies (University of Notre Dame Press 2000)

Morillo, Stephen, The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations, vol Warfare in history (Boydell Press 1996)

Morimoto and Y., ‘Aspects of the Early Medieval Peasent Economy as Revealed in the Polyptyque of Prum’, The medieval world (Routledge 2001)

Muller-Mertens and E., ‘The Ottonians as Kings and Emperors’, The new Cambridge medieval history (CUP 1995)

Munz, Peter, The Origin of the Carolingian Empire (Leicester University press, in association with University of Otago Press 1960)

Murray, Alexander Callander, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader, vol Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures (Broadview Press 2000)

Musset, Lucien, La Tapisserie de Bayeux (Nouvelle éd, Éditions Zodiaque 2002)

Nelson and J., ‘Kingship and Empire’, The Cambridge history of medieval political thought c.350-c.1450 (Cambridge University Press 1988)

Nelson, Janet L. and American Council of Learned Societies, Politics and Ritual in Early Medieval Europe, vol History series (Hambledon Press 1986) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01232>

Noble, Thomas F. X., From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms, vol Rewriting histories (Routledge 2006) <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=199428>

——, Charlemagne and Louis the Pious: The Lives by Einhard, Notker, Ermoldus, Thegan, and the Astronomer (Pennsylvania State University Press 2009)

Olson, Lynette, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

——, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

——, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

——, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

——, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

——, The Early Middle Ages: The Birth of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan 2007)

O’Sullivan and D., ‘Changing Views of the Viking Age’ (1992) 2 Medieval history <databaseName>

Owen-Crocker and G.R., ‘The Bayeux Tapestry: Invisible Seams and Visible Boundaries’ (2002) 31 Anglo-Saxon England <databaseName>

——, ‘Squawk Talk:Commentary by Birds in the Bayeux Tapestry?’ (2005) 34 Anglo-Saxon England <databaseName>

Perin, P. and Feffer, and L.-C., ‘Les Francs 1’, Readings in medieval history: Vol. 1: [The early Middle Ages] (3rd ed, Broadview Press 2003)

Pirenne H, ‘Conclusion’, Mohammed and Charlemagne (Allen & Unwin) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01071>

Pohl and W., ‘The Barbarian Successor States’, The transformation of the Roman world AD 400-900 (British Museum Press 1997)

Pohl W and Reimitz H (eds), Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300-800, vol The transformation of the Roman world (Brill 1998)

Pohl, Walter and Reimitz, Helmut (eds), Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300-800, vol Transformation of the Roman world (Brill 1998)

Pounds, Norman John Greville, An Economic History of Medieval Europe (2nd ed, Longman 1994)

Pryce and H., ‘Conversions to Christianity’, A companion to the early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c.500-1100, vol Blackwell companions to British history (Wiley-Blackwell 2009) <http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.kentuk.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=428069>

Reilly, Bernard F., The Medieval Spains, vol Cambridge medieval textbooks (Cambridge University Press 1993)

Reuter and T., ‘Plunder and Tribute in the Carolingian Empire’ (1985) 35 Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

——, ‘Otto III and the Historians’ [1991] History Today

——, ‘The Making of England and Germany, 850-1050: Points of Comparison and Difference’, Medieval Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in Medieval Europe (Macmillan Press 1998)

Reuter, Timothy, Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800-1056 (Longman 1991)

Sawyer, Peter Hayes, The Age of the Vikings (2nd ed, Edward Arnold 1971)

——, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (Oxford University Press 1997)

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