Bibliography for Early Medieval Europe

@book{Althoff, Gerd_2003a, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Otto III}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Althoff, Gerd}, year={2003} }

@book{Althoff, Gerd_2003b, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Otto III}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Althoff, Gerd}, year={2003} }

@book{Althoff, Gerd_2003c, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Otto III}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip043/2003009373.html}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Althoff, Gerd}, year={2003} }

@book{Althoff_2003, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Otto III}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip043/2003009373.html}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Althoff, Gerd}, year={2003} }

@book{Angenendt, A., title={The conversion of the Anglo-Saxons considered against the background of the early medieval mission}, author={Angenendt, A.} }

@book{Arnold, Benjamin_1997, address={Basingstoke}, title={Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a political interpretation}, volume={European history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Arnold, Benjamin}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Barlow_F._1983, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Edward the Confessor and the Norman Conquest}, booktitle={The Norman Conquest and beyond}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Barlow and F.}, year={1983} }

@article{Barrett_J.H._2008, address={Gloucester}, title={What Caused the Viking Age?}, volume={82}, journal={Antiquity: a quarterly review of archaeology}, author={Barrett and J.H.}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Bates_D._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={West Francia: the Kingdom}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Bates and D.}, year={1995} }

@book{Bates, David_1982, address={London}, title={Normandy before 1066}, publisher={Longman}, author={Bates, David}, year={1982} }

@book{Bates, David_2001, address={Stroud}, edition={Illustrated ed}, title={William the Conqueror}, volume={The kings&queens of medieval England}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Bates, David}, year={2001} }

@book{Bautier, Robert Henri_1971, address={London}, title={The economic development of medieval Europe}, volume={Library of European Civilization}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Bautier, Robert Henri}, year={1971} }

@book{Bede_Colgrave, Bertram_Mynors, R. A. B._1969, address={Oxford}, title={Bede’s Ecclesiastical history of the English people}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={O.U.P.}, author={Bede and Colgrave, Bertram and Mynors, R. A. B.}, year={1969} }

@article{Bernstein_D.J._1983, title={The Blinding of Harold and the Meaning of the Bayeux Tapestry}, volume={5}, journal={Anglo-Norman Studies}, author={Bernstein and D.J.}, year={1983} }

@book{Blair, John_2005, address={New York}, title={The church in Anglo-Saxon society}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Blair, John}, year={2005} }

@book{Boone, James L._2009, address={London}, title={Lost civilization: the contested Islamic past in Spain and Portugal}, volume={Duckworth debates in archaeology}, publisher={Duckworth}, author={Boone, James L.}, year={2009} }

@book{Bouet, Pierre_Levy, B. J._Neveux, François_2004, address={Caen}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: embroidering the facts of history : proceedings of the Cerisy Colloquium (1999)}, publisher={Presses universitaires de Caen}, author={Bouet, Pierre and Levy, B. J. and Neveux, François}, year={2004} }

@book{Bowden, William_Hodges, Richard_1998, address={Leiden}, title={The sixth century: production, distribution, and demand}, volume={Transformation of the Roman world}, publisher={Brill}, author={Bowden, William and Hodges, Richard}, year={1998} }

@article{Breeze_L.W._1977, address={Berkeley}, title={The Persistence of Scandinavian Connections in Normandy in the Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries}, volume={8}, journal={Viator: medieval and renaissance studies}, publisher={California University Press}, author={Breeze and L.W.}, year={1977} }

@book{Brink, Stefan_Price, Neil_2008, address={London}, title={The Viking world}, volume={The Routledge worlds}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Brink, Stefan and Price, Neil}, year={2008} }

@book{Brockopp, Jonathan E._2010, address={New York}, title={The Cambridge companion to Muḥammad}, volume={Cambridge companions to religion}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://cco.cambridge.org/login2%3Fdest%3D%252Fbook%253Fid%253Dccol9780521886079_CCOL9780521886079}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Brockopp, Jonathan E.}, year={2010} }

@book{Brooke, Christopher_2000a, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Europe in the central Middle Ages 962-1154}, volume={A general history of Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brooke, Christopher}, year={2000} }

@book{Brooke, Christopher_2000b, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Europe in the central Middle Ages 962-1154}, volume={A general history of Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brooke, Christopher}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Brooks_N._2000, address={Leiden}, title={Canterbury, Rome and the Construction of English Identity}, volume={The medieval Mediterranean}, booktitle={Early medieval Rome and the Christian West: essays in honour of Donald A. Bullough}, publisher={Brill}, author={Brooks and N.}, year={2000} }

@article{Brooks_N.P._1983, title={The Authority and Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry}, volume={1}, journal={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies}, author={Brooks and N.P.}, year={1983} }

@article{Brown_R.A._1981, title={The Battle of Hastings}, volume={3}, journal={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies}, author={Brown and R.A.}, year={1981} }

@inbook{Brown_S.A._1985, address={Atlantic Highlands, N.J.}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: History or Propaganda?}, booktitle={The Anglo-Saxons, synthesis and achievement}, publisher={Wilfrid Laurier University Press}, author={Brown and S.A.}, year={1985} }

@book{Brown, Peter_1971a, address={London}, title={The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad}, volume={[Library of European civilization]}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1971} }

@book{Brown, Peter_1971b, address={London}, title={The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad}, volume={[Library of European civilization]}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1971} }

@book{Brown, Peter_1971c, address={London}, title={The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad}, volume={[Library of European civilization]}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1971} }

@book{Brown, Peter_1996, address={Malden, Mass}, title={The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, AD 200-1000}, volume={The making of Europe}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1996} }

@book{Brown, Reginald Allen_1985, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Normans and the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Brown, Reginald Allen}, year={1985} }

@book{Bullough, D._1973, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={The age of Charlemagne}, publisher={Elek}, author={Bullough, D.}, year={1973} }

@book{Cameron, Averil_1993, address={London}, title={The Mediterranean world in late antiquity, AD 395-600}, volume={Routledge history of the ancient world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Cameron, Averil}, year={1993} }

@inbook{Campbell_J._1987, address={Stuttgart}, title={The Debt of the Early English Church to Ireland}, volume={Veröffentlichungen des Europa Zentrums Tübingen}, booktitle={Irland und die Christenheit: Bibelstudien und Mission =Ireland and Christendom ; the Bible and the missions}, publisher={Klett-Cotta}, author={Campbell and J.}, year={1987} }

@book{Campbell, James_1986, address={London}, title={Essays in Anglo-Saxon history}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Campbell, James}, year={1986} }

@book{Campbell, James_John, Eric_Wormald, Patrick_1982a, address={Oxford}, title={The Anglo-Saxons}, publisher={Phaidon}, author={Campbell, James and John, Eric and Wormald, Patrick}, year={1982} }

@book{Campbell, James_John, Eric_Wormald, Patrick_1982b, address={Oxford}, title={The Anglo-Saxons}, publisher={Phaidon}, author={Campbell, James and John, Eric and Wormald, Patrick}, year={1982} }

@book{Carpenter, David_2004a, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, David}, year={2004} }

@book{Carpenter, David_2004b, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, David}, year={2004} }

@book{Carpenter_2004, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, David}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Carver_M._2003, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={The Cross Goes North: Process of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300}, booktitle={The cross goes north: processes of conversion in northern Europe, AD 300-1300}, publisher={York Medieval Press, in association with Boydell Press}, author={Carver and M.}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Charles-Edwards_T._2003, address={New York}, title={Conversion to Christianity}, volume={The short Oxford history of the British Isles}, booktitle={After Rome}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Charles-Edwards and T.}, year={2003} }

@book{Christiansen, Eric_2002, address={Oxford}, title={The Norsemen in the Viking Age}, volume={Peoples of Europe}, publisher={Blackwell Publishers}, author={Christiansen, Eric}, year={2002} }

@book{Christie_2011, address={London}, title={The fall of the Western Roman Empire: an archaeological and historical perspective}, volume={Historical endings}, publisher={Bloomsbury Academic}, author={Christie, Neil}, year={2011} }

@book{Clanchy, M. T._1998, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={England and its rulers, 1066-1272}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Collins_R._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Spain: the northern kingdoms and the Basques, 711-910}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Collins and R.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Collins_R._2000, address={Cambridge}, title={The Western Kingdoms}, booktitle={The Cambridge Ancient History: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D.425-600, Vol. 14}, publisher={CUP}, author={Collins and R.}, year={2000} }

@book{Collins, Roger_1989, address={New York, NY, USA}, title={The Arab conquest of Spain, 710-797}, volume={A History of Spain}, publisher={B. Blackwell}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1989} }

@book{Collins_1989, address={Oxford}, title={The Arab conquest of Spain, 710-797}, volume={A History of Spain}, publisher={B. Blackwell}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1989} }

@book{Collins, Roger_1995, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Early medieval Spain: unity in diversity, 400-1000}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1995} }

@book{Collins_1995, address={New York}, edition={Second edition}, title={Early medieval Spain: unity in diversity, 400-1000}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1995} }

@book{Collins_1998a, address={Basingstoke}, title={Charlemagne}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1998} }

@book{Collins, Roger_1998a, address={Basingstoke}, title={Charlemagne}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1998} }

@book{Collins, Roger_1998b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Charlemagne}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1998} }

@book{Collins_1998b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Charlemagne}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1998} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2004, address={Malden, MA, USA}, title={Visigothic Spain, 409-711}, volume={A history of Spain}, publisher={Blackwell Pub}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2004} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010b, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010c, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010d, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010e, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010f, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Collins, Roger_2010g, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Early medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={Palgrave history of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@book{Cook, M A._1983, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Muhammad}, publisher={O.U.P.}, author={Cook, M A.}, year={1983} }

@book{Costambeys, Marios_Innes, Matthew_MacLean, Simon_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={The Carolingian world}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Costambeys, Marios and Innes, Matthew and MacLean, Simon}, year={2011} }

@book{Costambeys_Innes_MacLean_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={The Carolingian world}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Costambeys, Marios and Innes, Matthew and MacLean, Simon}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Coupland_S._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Coupland and S.}, year={1995} }

@article{Coupland_S._1998, title={From Poachers to Gamekeepers: Scandinavian Warlords and Carolingian Kings}, volume={7}, url={databaseName}, journal={Early medieval Europe}, author={Coupland and S.}, year={1998} }

@article{Coupland_S._2003, address={London}, title={The Vikings on the Continent in Myth and History}, volume={88}, journal={History}, publisher={Routledge and Kegan Paul for the Historical Association}, author={Coupland and S.}, year={2003} }

@article{Coupland_S. and Nelson_J._1988, address={London}, title={The Vikings on the Continent}, volume={38}, journal={History Today}, publisher={Bracken House}, author={Coupland and S. and Nelson and J.}, year={1988} }

@article{Cowdrey_H.E.J._1988, title={Towards an Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry}, volume={10}, url={databaseName}, journal={Anglo-Norman studies}, author={Cowdrey and H.E.J.}, year={1988} }

@article{Dahy_W.M._1994, address={Cambridge,Mass}, title={Clovis: How barbaric, how pagan?}, volume={69}, journal={Speculum: a journal of medieval studies}, publisher={The Mediaeval Academy of America}, author={Dahy and W.M.}, year={1994} }

@book{Davis, R. H. C._Moore, R. I._2006, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. / by R.I. Moore, with the assistance of Joanna Huntington}, title={A history of medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006} }

@book{Dunbabin, Jean_2000a, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={France in the making 843-1180}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Dunbabin, Jean}, year={2000} }

@book{Dunbabin, Jean_2000b, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={France in the making 843-1180}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Dunbabin, Jean}, year={2000} }

@book{Dutton_1998, address={Toronto}, edition={2 ed}, title={Charlemagne’s Courtier: The Complete Einhard}, volume={Readings in Medieval civilizations&cultures}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1998} }

@book{Dutton, Paul Edward_2004, address={Peterborough, Ont}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Carolingian civilization: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={2004} }

@book{Effros, Bonnie_2003, address={Berkeley}, title={Merovingian mortuary archaeology and the making of the early Middle Ages}, volume={The transformation of the classical heritage}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Effros, Bonnie}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Einhard_1998, address={Hadleigh}, title={Life or Charlemagne}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, booktitle={Charlemagne’s courtier: the complete Einhard}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Einhard}, year={1998} }

@book{Einhard_Dutton, Paul Edward_1998, address={Hadleigh}, title={Charlemagne’s courtier: the complete Einhard}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Einhard and Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1998} }

@book{Fleckenstein, J._1978, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Early medieval Germany}, publisher={North-Holland}, author={Fleckenstein, J.}, year={1978} }

@book{Fletcher, R. A._1997, address={London}, title={The conversion of Europe: from paganism to Christianity, 371-1386 AD}, publisher={HarperCollins}, author={Fletcher, R. A.}, year={1997} }

@book{Folz, Robert_1974, address={London}, title={The coronation of Charlemagne, 25 December 800}, publisher={Routledge & K. Paul}, author={Folz, Robert}, year={1974} }

@inbook{Fouracre_P._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Frankish Gaul to 814}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Fouracre and P.}, year={1995} }

@book{Fouracre, Paul_2000, address={Harlow, England}, title={The age of Charles Martel}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Fouracre, Paul}, year={2000} }

@book{Gameson_1997, address={Woodbridge}, title={The study of the Bayeux tapestry}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Gameson, Richard}, year={1997} }

@book{Gameson, Richard_1999, address={Stroud}, title={St Augustine and the conversion of England}, publisher={Sutton Publishing}, author={Gameson, Richard}, year={1999} }

@book{Gameson_1999, address={Stroud}, title={St. Augustine and the conversion of England}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Gameson, Richard}, year={1999} }

@book{Ganshof, François Louis_1971, address={London}, title={The Carolingians and the Frankish monarchy}, volume={Studies in Carolingian history}, publisher={Longman}, author={Ganshof, François Louis}, year={1971} }

@book{Ganz_Einhard_Notker_2008, address={London}, title={Two lives of Charlemagne}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Ganz, David and Einhard and Notker}, year={2008} }

@book{Garrison, Eliza_2012, address={Farnham}, title={Ottonian imperial art and portraiture: the artistic patronage of Otto III and Henry II}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Garrison, Eliza}, year={2012} }

@book{Geary, Patrick J._1988, address={New York}, title={Before France and Germany: the creation and transformation of the Merovingian world}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1988} }

@book{Geary, Patrick J._2003, address={Peterborough, Ont}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Readings in medieval history: Vol. 1: [The early Middle Ages]}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={2003} }

@book{Gillingham, John_1971, address={London}, title={The kingdom of Germany in the High Middle Ages (900-1200)}, volume={Historical Association. General series no. 77}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={1971} }

@book{Glick, T F._1979, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages}, publisher={Princeton U.P.}, author={Glick, T F.}, year={1979} }

@inbook{Goetz_H.-W._2003, address={Boston}, title={Gens, Kings and Kingdoms: the Franks}, volume={The transformation of the Roman world}, booktitle={Regna and gentes: the relationship between late antique and early medieval peoples and kingdoms in the transformation of the Roman world}, publisher={Brill}, author={Goetz and H.-W.}, year={2003} }

@article{Goffart_W._1981, address={New York}, title={Rome, Constantinople, and the Barbarians}, volume={86}, journal={American historical review}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Goffart and W.}, year={1981} }

@book{Golding, Brian_2001, address={Houndmills}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={Conquest and colonisation: the Normans in Britain, 1066-1100}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Golding, Brian}, year={2001} }

@book{Golding_2001, address={Houndmills}, edition={Revised edition}, title={Conquest and colonisation: the Normans in Britain, 1066-1100}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Golding, Brian}, year={2001} }

@book{Graham-Campbell, James_2001, address={London}, edition={3rd Frances Lincoln ed}, title={The Viking world}, publisher={F. Lincoln}, author={Graham-Campbell, James}, year={2001} }

@book{Graham-Campbell, James_Kidd, Dafydd_British Museum_1980, address={London}, title={The Vikings}, publisher={Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications}, author={Graham-Campbell, James and Kidd, Dafydd and British Museum}, year={1980} }

@book{Grape, Wolfgang_1994, address={Munich}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph}, publisher={Prestel}, author={Grape, Wolfgang}, year={1994} }

@article{Grierson_P._1959, address={London}, title={Commerce in the Dark Ages: a critique of the evidence}, volume={5}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, publisher={[publisher not identified]}, author={Grierson and P.}, year={1959} }

@article{Halsall_G._1992, title={PLaying buy whose Rukles? A Further Look at Viking Atrocity}, volume={2}, url={databaseName}, journal={Medieval history}, author={Halsall and G.}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Halsall_G._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Barbarian Invasions}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Halsall and G.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Halsall_G._2001, address={Aldershot}, title={Childeric’s Grave, Clovis’ Succession, and the Origins of the Merovingian Kingdom}, booktitle={Society and culture in late antique Gaul: revisiting the sources}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Halsall and G.}, year={2001} }

@book{Halsall, Guy_2007a, address={Cambridge}, title={Barbarian migrations and the Roman West, 376-568}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=377864}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Halsall, Guy}, year={2007} }

@book{Halsall, Guy_2007b, address={Cambridge}, title={Barbarian migrations and the Roman West, 376-568}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=377864}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Halsall, Guy}, year={2007} }

@inbook{Hamerow_H._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Earliest Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Hamerow and H.}, year={1995} }

@article{Hanawalt_E.H._1994, address={Woodbridge}, title={Dudo of Saint-Quentin - the Heroic Past Imagined}, volume={6}, journal={The Haskins Society journal: studies in medieval history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Hanawalt and E.H.}, year={1994} }

@book{Hansen, Inge Lyse_Wickham, Chris_2000, address={Leiden}, title={The long eighth century: [production, distribution and demand]}, volume={Transformation of the Roman world}, publisher={Brill}, author={Hansen, Inge Lyse and Wickham, Chris}, year={2000} }

@book{Harper-Bill, Christopher_van Houts, Elizabeth_2002a, address={Woodbridge}, title={A companion to the Anglo-Norman world}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=218404}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Harper-Bill, Christopher and van Houts, Elizabeth}, year={2002} }

@book{Harper-Bill, Christopher_van Houts, Elizabeth_2002b, address={Woodbridge}, title={A companion to the Anglo-Norman world}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=218404}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Harper-Bill, Christopher and van Houts, Elizabeth}, year={2002} }

@book{Havighurst, Alfred F., address={Boston}, title={The Pirenne thesis: analysis, criticism, and revision}, volume={Problems in European civilization}, publisher={Heath}, author={Havighurst, Alfred F.} }

@article{Heather_P._1995, address={London}, title={The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe}, volume={110}, journal={English historical review}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Heather and P.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Heather_P._2000, address={Cambridge}, title={The western Empire, 425-76}, booktitle={The Cambridge Ancient History: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D.425-600, Vol. 14}, publisher={CUP}, author={Heather and P.}, year={2000} }

@book{Heather, P. J._1998, address={Oxford}, title={The Goths}, volume={Peoples of Europe}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Heather, P. J.}, year={1998} }

@book{Heather, P. J._2005, address={London}, title={The fall of the Roman Empire}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Heather, P. J.}, year={2005} }

@book{Heather, P. J._2010a, address={London}, title={Empires and barbarians: migration, development and the birth of Europe}, publisher={Pan}, author={Heather, P. J.}, year={2010} }

@book{Heather, P. J._2010b, address={London}, title={Empires and barbarians: migration, development and the birth of Europe}, publisher={Pan}, author={Heather, P. J.}, year={2010} }

@book{Herrin, Judith_1987, address={Oxford}, title={The formation of Christendom}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Herrin, Judith}, year={1987} }

@inbook{Hicks_C._1992, address={Stamford}, title={The Borders of the Bayeux tapestry}, volume={Harlaxton Medieval Studies}, booktitle={England in the eleventh century: proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium}, publisher={Paul Watkins}, author={Hicks and C.}, year={1992} }

@book{Hicks, Carola_2006, address={London}, title={The Bayeux tapestry: the life story of a masterpiece}, publisher={Chatto & Windus}, author={Hicks, Carola}, year={2006} }

@book{Higham, N. J._1998, address={Stroud, Gloucestershire}, title={The Norman conquest}, volume={Sutton pocket histories}, publisher={Sutton Pub}, author={Higham, N. J.}, year={1998} }

@book{Higham, Nick_1997, address={Stroud}, title={The death of Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Higham, Nick}, year={1997} }

@book{Hill, Boyd H._1972, address={London}, title={Medieval monarchy in action: the German Empire from Henry I to Henry IV}, volume={Historical problems : studies and documents}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Hill, Boyd H.}, year={1972} }

@inbook{Hillenbrand_C._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Muhammed and the Rise of Islam}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Hillenbrand and C.}, year={1995} }

@article{Hodges_R._2000, address={London}, title={Charlemagne’s Elephant}, volume={50}, journal={History Today}, publisher={Bracken House}, author={Hodges and R.}, year={2000} }

@article{Hodges_R._2004, address={London}, title={Goodbye to the Vikings}, volume={54}, journal={History Today}, publisher={Bracken House}, author={Hodges and R.}, year={2004} }

@book{Hodges, Richard_1989, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Dark age economics: the origins of towns and trade A.D. 600-1000}, volume={New approaches in archaeology}, publisher={Duckworth}, author={Hodges, Richard}, year={1989} }

@book{Hodges, Richard_Whitehouse, David_1983a, address={London}, title={Mohammed, Charlemagne & the origins of Europe: archaeology and the Pirenne thesis}, publisher={Duckworth}, author={Hodges, Richard and Whitehouse, David}, year={1983} }

@book{Hodges, Richard_Whitehouse, David_1983b, address={London}, title={Mohammed, Charlemagne & the origins of Europe: archaeology and the Pirenne thesis}, publisher={Duckworth}, author={Hodges, Richard and Whitehouse, David}, year={1983} }

@book{Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van_2000a, address={Manchester}, title={The Normans in Europe}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/sources.htm}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van}, year={2000} }

@book{Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van_2000b, address={Manchester}, title={The Normans in Europe}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/sources.htm}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van}, year={2000} }

@book{Hudson, Benjamin T._2005, address={Oxford}, title={Viking pirates and Christian princes: dynasty, religion, and empire in the North Atlantic}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Hudson, Benjamin T.}, year={2005} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={State and society in the early Middle Ages: the middle Rhine valley, 400-1000}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2000} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007a, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007b, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007c, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007d, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007e, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Innes, Matthew_2007f, address={London}, title={An introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Innes, Matthew}, year={2007} }

@book{Jackson, Gabriel_1972, address={London}, title={The making of medieval Spain}, volume={Library of European Civilization}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Jackson, Gabriel}, year={1972} }

@inbook{James_E._1989, address={London}, title={The Origins of Barbarian Kingdoms: the Continental Evidence}, volume={Studies in the early history of Britain}, booktitle={The Origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms}, publisher={Leicester University Press}, author={James and E.}, year={1989} }

@book{James, Edward_1982, address={London}, title={The origins of France: from Clovis to the Capetians, 500-1000}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={James, Edward}, year={1982} }

@book{James, Edward_1988a, address={Oxford}, title={The Franks}, volume={The peoples of Europe}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={James, Edward}, year={1988} }

@book{James, Edward_1988b, address={Oxford}, title={The Franks}, volume={The peoples of Europe}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={James, Edward}, year={1988} }

@book{James, Edward_2001, address={London}, title={Britain in the first millennium}, volume={Britain and Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={James, Edward}, year={2001} }

@book{James, Edward_2009a, address={New York}, edition={1st ed}, title={Europe’s barbarians, AD 200-600}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={James, Edward}, year={2009} }

@book{James, Edward_2009b, address={New York}, edition={1st ed}, title={Europe’s barbarians, AD 200-600}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={James, Edward}, year={2009} }

@book{James, Edward_2009c, address={New York}, edition={1st ed}, title={Europe’s barbarians, AD 200-600}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={James, Edward}, year={2009} }

@inbook{John_E._1982, address={Oxford}, title={The End of Anglo-Saxon England}, booktitle={The Anglo-Saxons}, publisher={Phaidon}, author={John and E.}, year={1982} }

@book{Jones, Gwyn_1984, address={Oxford}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={A history of the Vikings}, publisher={O.U.P.}, author={Jones, Gwyn}, year={1984} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005a, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005b, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005c, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005d, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005e, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005f, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@book{Jotischky, Andrew_Hull, Caroline Susan_2005g, address={London}, title={The Penguin historical atlas of the medieval world}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jotischky, Andrew and Hull, Caroline Susan}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Kennedy_H._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Muslims in Europe}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Kennedy and H.}, year={1995} }

@book{Kennedy, H._2008, address={London}, title={The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Kennedy, H.}, year={2008} }

@book{Kennedy, Hugh_1996a, address={London}, title={Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political history of Al-Andalus}, publisher={Longman}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1996} }

@book{Kennedy, Hugh_1996b, address={London}, title={Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political history of Al-Andalus}, publisher={Longman}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1996} }

@book{Kennedy_2008, address={London}, edition={Paperback edition}, title={The great Arab conquests: how the spread of Islam changed the world we live in}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={2008} }

@book{Kennedy, Hugh_Bel, Marc_Donck, Peter van der_2002, address={Boston}, edition={2nd, rev. ed}, title={An historical atlas of Islam =: Atlas historique de l’Islam}, publisher={Brill}, author={Kennedy, Hugh and Bel, Marc and Donck, Peter van der}, year={2002} }

@book{King, P. D._1987, address={Kendal}, title={Charlemagne: translated sources}, publisher={P. D. King}, author={King, P. D.}, year={1987} }

@book{Lapidge, Michael_Blair, John_Keynes, Simon_Scragg, Donald G._1998, address={Oxford}, title={The Blackwell encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lapidge, Michael and Blair, John and Keynes, Simon and Scragg, Donald G.}, year={1998} }

@book{Latouche, R., address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={The birth of Western economy; economic aspects of the Dark Ages}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Latouche, R.} }

@inbook{Lawson_M.K._2000, address={London}, title={Observations on a Scene in the Bayeux Tapestry, the Battle of Hastings and the Military System of the Late Anglo-Saxon State}, booktitle={The Medieval state: essays presented to James Campbell}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Lawson and M.K.}, year={2000} }

@book{Lawson, M. K._2003, address={Stroud, Gloucestershire}, edition={[New ed.]}, title={The battle of Hastings, 1066}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Lawson, M. K.}, year={2003} }

@article{Leyser_K._1981, address={London}, title={Ottonian Government}, volume={96}, journal={English historical review}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Leyser and K.}, year={1981} }

@inbook{Leyser_K._1994, address={London}, title={Ritual, Ceremony and Gesture: Ottonian Germany}, booktitle={Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Leyser and K.}, year={1994} }

@book{Leyser, K J._1982, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Leyser, K J.}, year={1982} }

@book{Leyser, Karl_Reuter, Timothy_1994, address={London}, title={Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Leyser, Karl and Reuter, Timothy}, year={1994} }

@book{Leyser, Karl J._1979, address={London}, title={Rule and conflict in an early medieval society: Ottonian Saxony}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01063}, publisher={E. Arnold}, author={Leyser, Karl J.}, year={1979} }

@book{Little, Lester K._Rosenwein, Barbara H._1998, address={Malden, Mass}, title={Debating the Middle Ages: issues and readings}, publisher={Blackwell Publishers}, author={Little, Lester K. and Rosenwein, Barbara H.}, year={1998} }

@book{Logan, F. Donald_2005, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The Vikings in history}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Logan, F. Donald}, year={2005} }

@book{Lombard, Maurice_1975a, address={Amsterdam}, title={The golden age of Islam}, volume={North-Holland medieval translations}, publisher={North-Holland}, author={Lombard, Maurice}, year={1975} }

@book{Lombard, Maurice_1975b, address={Amsterdam}, title={The golden age of Islam}, volume={North-Holland medieval translations}, publisher={American Elsevier}, author={Lombard, Maurice}, year={1975} }

@book{Lowney, Chris_2006, address={Oxford}, title={A vanished world: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in medieval Spain}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Lowney, Chris}, year={2006} }

@book{Loyn, H R._1975, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={The reign of Charlemagne: documents on Carolingian government and administration}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Loyn, H R.}, year={1975} }

@book{Mackay, A._1977, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Spain in the Middle Ages: from frontier to empire, 1000-1500}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Mackay, A.}, year={1977} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997a, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997b, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997c, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997d, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997e, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@book{MacKay, Angus_Ditchburn, David_1997f, address={London}, title={Atlas of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={MacKay, Angus and Ditchburn, David}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Macmullen_R._1990, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Barbarian Enclaves in the Northern Roman Empire}, volume={ACLS History e-book project}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01452}, booktitle={Changes in the Roman Empire: essays in the ordinary}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Macmullen and R.}, year={1990} }

@book{Markus, R. A._1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Gregory the Great and his world}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Markus, R. A.}, year={1997} }

@book{Markus, R. A., title={Gregory the Great and a Papal Missionary strategy}, author={Markus, R. A.} }

@book{Matthew, H. C. G._Harrison, Brian Howard_British Academy_2004, address={Oxford}, edition={[New ed.]}, title={Oxford dictionary of national biography: from the earliest times to the year 2000}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Matthew, H. C. G. and Harrison, Brian Howard and British Academy}, year={2004} }

@article{Mayr-Harting_H._1996, address={London}, title={Charlemagne, the Saxons and the Imperial Coronation of 800}, volume={111}, journal={English historical review}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Mayr-Harting and H.}, year={1996} }

@book{Mayr-Harting, Henry_1991, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Mayr-Harting, Henry}, year={1991} }

@book{Mayr-Harting_1991, address={London}, edition={Third edition}, title={The coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Mayr-Harting, Henry}, year={1991} }

@book{Mayr-Harting, Henry_1999a, address={London}, edition={2nd rev. one-volume ed}, title={Ottonian book illumination: an historical study}, publisher={Harvey Miller}, author={Mayr-Harting, Henry}, year={1999} }

@book{Mayr-Harting, Henry_1999b, address={London}, edition={2nd rev. one-volume ed}, title={Ottonian book illumination: an historical study}, publisher={Harvey Miller}, author={Mayr-Harting, Henry}, year={1999} }

@book{McCormick, Michael_2001, address={Cambridge}, title={Origins of the European economy: communications and commerce, A.D. 300-900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McCormick, Michael}, year={2001} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992a, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992b, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992c, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992d, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992e, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992f, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992g, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992h, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@book{McEvedy, Colin_1992i, address={London}, edition={New ed}, title={The new Penguin atlas of medieval history}, publisher={Penguin}, author={McEvedy, Colin}, year={1992} }

@inbook{McKitterick_R._1992, address={London}, title={Continuity and Innovation in Tenth-Century Ottonian Culture}, booktitle={Intellectual life in the Middle Ages: essays presented to Margaret Gibson}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={McKitterick and R.}, year={1992} }

@article{McKitterick_R._1993, title={Ottonian Intellectual Culture}, volume={2}, url={databaseName}, journal={Early medieval Europe}, author={McKitterick and R.}, year={1993} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_1983a, address={London}, title={The Frankish kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987}, publisher={Longman}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1983} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_1983b, address={London}, title={The Frankish kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987}, publisher={Longman}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1983} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_1983c, address={London}, title={The Frankish kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987}, publisher={Longman}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1983} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Carolingian culture: emulation and innovation}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1994} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_2008a, address={Cambridge}, title={Charlemagne: the formation of a European identity}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2008} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={Charlemagne: the formation of a European identity}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2008} }

@book{McKitterick_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={Charlemagne: the formation of a European identity}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2008000621-t.html}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2008} }

@book{McKitterick, Rosamond_Allmand, C. T._Abulafia, David_1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond and Allmand, C. T. and Abulafia, David}, year={1995} }

@article{Meens_R, title={A background to Augustine’s mission to Anglo-Saxon England}, author={Meens and R} }

@book{Meyer, M., title={Queens, convents and conversion in early Anglo-Saxon England}, author={Meyer, M.} }

@book{Meyerson, Mark D._English, Edward D._2000, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Christians, Muslims, and Jews in medieval and early modern Spain: interaction and cultural change}, volume={Notre Dame conferences in medieval studies}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Meyerson, Mark D. and English, Edward D.}, year={2000} }

@book{Morillo, Stephen_1996, address={Rochester, NY}, title={The Battle of Hastings: sources and interpretations}, volume={Warfare in history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Morillo, Stephen}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Morimoto_Y._2001, address={London}, title={Aspects of the early medieval peasent economy as revealed in the polyptyque of Prum}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Morimoto and Y.}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Muller-Mertens_E._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Ottonians as Kings and Emperors}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Muller-Mertens and E.}, year={1995} }

@book{Munz, Peter_1960, address={Leicester}, title={The origin of the Carolingian empire}, publisher={Leicester University press, in association with University of Otago Press}, author={Munz, Peter}, year={1960} }

@book{Murray, Alexander Callander_2000, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Murray, Alexander Callander}, year={2000} }

@book{Musset, Lucien_2002, address={Paris}, edition={Nouvelle éd}, title={La tapisserie de Bayeux}, publisher={Éditions Zodiaque}, author={Musset, Lucien}, year={2002} }

@inbook{Nelson_J._1988, address={Cambridge}, title={Kingship and Empire}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of medieval political thought c.350-c.1450}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Nelson and J.}, year={1988} }

@book{Nelson, Janet L._American Council of Learned Societies_1986, address={London}, title={Politics and ritual in early medieval Europe}, volume={History series}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01232}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Nelson, Janet L. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1986} }

@book{Noble, Thomas F. X._2006, address={London}, title={From Roman provinces to Medieval kingdoms}, volume={Rewriting histories}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kentuk/detail.action?docID=199428}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Noble, Thomas F. X.}, year={2006} }

@book{Noble, Thomas F. X._2009, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Charlemagne and Louis the Pious: the lives by Einhard, Notker, Ermoldus, Thegan, and the Astronomer}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Noble, Thomas F. X.}, year={2009} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007b, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007c, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007d, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007e, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@book{Olson, Lynette_2007f, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={The early Middle Ages: the birth of Europe}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Olson, Lynette}, year={2007} }

@article{O’Sullivan_D._1992, title={Changing Views of the Viking Age}, volume={2}, url={databaseName}, journal={Medieval history}, author={O’Sullivan and D.}, year={1992} }

@article{Owen-Crocker_G.R._2002, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: Invisible Seams and Visible Boundaries}, volume={31}, url={databaseName}, journal={Anglo-Saxon England}, author={Owen-Crocker and G.R.}, year={2002} }

@article{Owen-Crocker_G.R._2005, title={Squawk Talk:Commentary by Birds in the Bayeux Tapestry?}, volume={34}, url={databaseName}, journal={Anglo-Saxon England}, author={Owen-Crocker and G.R.}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Perin_P. and Feffer_L.-C._2003, address={Peterborough, Ont}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Les Francs 1}, booktitle={Readings in medieval history: Vol. 1: [The early Middle Ages]}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Perin and P. and Feffer and L.-C.}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Pirenne, address={London}, title={Conclusion}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01071}, booktitle={Mohammed and Charlemagne}, publisher={Allen & Unwin}, author={Pirenne, H} }

@inbook{Pohl_W._1997, address={London}, title={The Barbarian Successor States}, booktitle={The transformation of the Roman world AD 400-900}, publisher={British Museum Press}, author={Pohl and W.}, year={1997} }

@book{Pounds, Norman John Greville_1994, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An economic history of medieval Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Pounds, Norman John Greville}, year={1994} }

@inbook{Pryce_H._2009, address={Chichester}, title={Conversions to Christianity}, volume={Blackwell companions to British history}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://www.kentuk.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=428069}, booktitle={A companion to the early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c.500-1100}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Pryce and H.}, year={2009} }

@book{Reilly, Bernard F._1993, address={Cambridge}, title={The medieval Spains}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Reilly, Bernard F.}, year={1993} }

@article{Reuter_T._1985, address={London}, title={Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire}, volume={35}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, publisher={[publisher not identified]}, author={Reuter and T.}, year={1985} }

@article{Reuter_T._1991, address={London}, title={Otto III and the Historians}, journal={History Today}, publisher={Bracken House}, author={Reuter and T.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Reuter_T._1998, address={Basingstoke}, title={The Making of England and Germany, 850-1050: Points of Comparison and Difference}, booktitle={Medieval Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in Medieval Europe}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Reuter and T.}, year={1998} }

@book{Reuter, Timothy_1991, address={Harlow}, title={Germany in the early middle ages, c. 800-1056}, publisher={Longman}, author={Reuter, Timothy}, year={1991} }

@book{Sawyer, Peter Hayes_1971, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The age of the Vikings}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Sawyer, Peter Hayes}, year={1971} }

@book{Sawyer, Peter Hayes_1997, address={New York}, title={The Oxford illustrated history of the Vikings}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sawyer, Peter Hayes}, year={1997} }

@article{Searle_E._1986, title={Frankish Rivalries and Norse Warriors}, volume={8}, url={databaseName}, journal={Anglo-Norman studies}, author={Searle and E.}, year={1986} }

@book{Searle, Eleanor_1988, address={Berkeley}, title={Predatory kinship and the creation of Norman power, 840-1066}, publisher={U. of California P.}, author={Searle, Eleanor}, year={1988} }

@book{Sherley-Price_Latham_Farmer_Bede_1990, address={London}, edition={Revised edition}, title={Ecclesiastical history of the English people: with Bede’s letter to Egbert and Cuthbert’s letter on the death of Bede}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Sherley-Price, Leo and Latham, R. E. and Farmer, David Hugh and Bede}, year={1990} }

@article{Shopkow_L._1989, address={Amsterdam}, title={The Carolingian World of Dudo of Saint Quentin}, volume={15}, journal={Journal of medieval history}, publisher={North Holland}, author={Shopkow and L.}, year={1989} }

@book{Sims-Williams, Patrick_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={Religion and literature in the west of England, 600-800}, volume={Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Sims-Williams, Patrick}, year={1990} }

@inbook{Smith_J.M.H._2005, address={Oxford}, title={Good Kings, Bad Kings}, booktitle={Europe after Rome: a new cultural history, 500-1000}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Smith and J.M.H.}, year={2005} }

@book{Smith, Colin_Smith, Colin_Melville, C. P._Ubaydli, Ahmad_1993, address={Warminster}, title={Christians and Moors in Spain}, volume={Hispanic classics}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Smith, Colin and Smith, Colin and Melville, C. P. and Ubaydli, Ahmad}, year={1993} }

@book{Smith, Julia M. H._2005, address={Oxford}, title={Europe after Rome: a new cultural history, 500-1000}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Smith, Julia M. H.}, year={2005} }

@book{Stafford, Pauline_1989, address={London}, title={Unification and conquest: a political and social history of England in the tenth and eleventh centuries}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Stafford, Pauline}, year={1989} }

@book{Stenton, Frank Merry, address={London]}, edition={2d ed}, title={The Bayeux tapestry: a comprehensve survey}, publisher={Phaidon Press}, author={Stenton, Frank Merry} }

@book{Stodnick, Jacqueline A._Trilling, Renée Rebecca_2012, address={Oxford}, title={A handbook of Anglo-Saxon studies}, volume={Critical theory handbooks}, url={http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=KentUniv&isbn=9781118328576}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Stodnick, Jacqueline A. and Trilling, Renée Rebecca}, year={2012} }

@book{Story, Joanna_2005, address={Manchester}, title={Charlemagne: empire and society}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Story, Joanna}, year={2005} }

@book{Story_2005, address={Manchester}, title={Charlemagne: empire and society}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Story, Joanna}, year={2005} }

@article{Sullivan_R.E._1989, address={Cambridge,Mass}, title={The Carolingan Age. Reflections on its Place in the History of the Middle Ages}, volume={64}, journal={Speculum: a journal of medieval studies}, publisher={The Mediaeval Academy of America}, author={Sullivan and R.E.}, year={1989} }

@book{Sullivan, Richard Eugene_1959, address={Boston}, title={The coronation of Charlemagne: what did it signify?}, volume={Problems in European civilization}, publisher={D.C. Heath}, author={Sullivan, Richard Eugene}, year={1959} }

@book{Thietmar_Warner, David_2000a, address={Manchester}, title={Ottonian Germany: the chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Thietmar and Warner, David}, year={2000} }

@book{Thietmar_Warner, David_2000b, address={Manchester}, title={Ottonian Germany: the chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Thietmar and Warner, David}, year={2000} }

@book{Thietmar_Warner, David_2000c, address={Manchester}, title={Ottonian Germany: the chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Thietmar and Warner, David}, year={2000} }

@article{Thompson_V._1999, title={Kingship and Death in the Bayeux Tapestry}, volume={25}, url={databaseName}, journal={Reading Medieval studies : annual proceedings of the Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies in the University of Reading}, author={Thompson and V.}, year={1999} }

@book{Tierney, Brian, address={Englewood Cliffs, N.J.}, title={The crisis of church & state, 1050-1300: With selected documents}, volume={A Spectrum book}, publisher={Prentice-Hall}, author={Tierney, Brian} }

@book{Ullmann, W., address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={The growth of papal government in the middle ages}, url={http://library.kent.ac.uk/cgi-bin/resources.cgi?url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/HEB01079}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, W.} }

@inbook{van Dam_R._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={van Dam and R.}, year={1995} }

@article{van Houts_E._1984, title={Scandinavian Influence in Norman Literature o the Eleventh Century}, volume={6}, url={databaseName}, journal={Anglo-Norman studies}, author={van Houts and E.}, year={1984} }

@article{van Houts_E.M.C._1981, title={The Battle of Hastings}, volume={3}, journal={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies}, author={van Houts and E.M.C.}, year={1981} }

@article{van Houts_E.M.C._1995, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest through European Eyes}, volume={110}, journal={English historical review}, publisher={Longmans}, author={van Houts and E.M.C.}, year={1995} }

@book{Walker, David_1995, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The Normans in Britain}, volume={Historical Association studies}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Walker, David}, year={1995} }

@book{Walker, Ian W._1997, address={Stroud}, title={Harold: the last Anglo-Saxon king}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Walker, Ian W.}, year={1997} }

@book{Wallace-Hadrill, J. M._1985, address={Cambridge, Mass}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The barbarian West, 400-1000}, publisher={B. Blackwell}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1985} }

@book{Ward-Perkins, Bryan_2005, address={Oxford}, title={The fall of Rome: and the end of civilization}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ward-Perkins, Bryan}, year={2005} }

@article{Warner_D.A._1999, address={Amsterdam}, title={Ideals and Actions in the Reign of Otto III}, volume={25}, journal={Journal of medieval history}, publisher={North Holland}, author={Warner and D.A.}, year={1999} }

@book{Webster, Leslie_2012, address={London}, title={Anglo-Saxon art: a new history}, publisher={British Museum}, author={Webster, Leslie}, year={2012} }

@book{Whittaker, C R._1994, address={Baltimore}, title={Frontiers of the Roman Empire: a social and economic study}, volume={Ancient society and history}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Whittaker, C R.}, year={1994} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2005, address={Oxford}, title={Framing the early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2005} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009a, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009b, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009c, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009d, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009e, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009f, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009g, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009h, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@book{Wickham, Chris_2009i, address={London}, title={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }

@article{Williams_S. and Friell_G._1994, address={London}, title={Friends, Romans or Countrymen? Barbarians in the Empire}, volume={44}, journal={History Today}, publisher={Bracken House}, author={Williams and S. and Friell and G.}, year={1994} }

@book{Wilson, David M._1985, address={London}, title={The Bayeux tapestry: the complete tapestry in colour}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Wilson, David M.}, year={1985} }

@book{Wolf, Kenneth Baxter_1999, address={Liverpool}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Conquerors and chroniclers of early medieval Spain}, volume={Translated texts for historians}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={Wolf, Kenneth Baxter}, year={1999} }

@article{Wolfram_H._1971, address={Berkeley}, title={The Shaping of the Early Medieval Kingdom}, journal={Viator: medieval and renaissance studies}, publisher={California University Press}, author={Wolfram and H.}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Wood_I._1977, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Kings, Kingdoms and Consent}, booktitle={Early medieval kingship}, publisher={P H Sawyer & I N Wood}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1977} }

@article{Wood_I._1988, title={The Merovingian Kingdoms 481-751}, volume={2}, url={databaseName}, journal={Medieval history}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1988} }

@article{Wood_I._1994, address={Cambridge,Mass}, title={The Mission of St Augustine of Canterbury to the English}, volume={69}, journal={Speculum: a journal of medieval studies}, publisher={The Mediaeval Academy of America}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1994} }

@inbook{Wood_I._1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Christianisation and the Dissemination of Christian Teaching}, booktitle={The new Cambridge medieval history}, publisher={C.U.P.}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Wood_I._1998a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Barbarian Invasions and First Settlements}, booktitle={The Cambridge ancient history: Vol. 13: The late Empire, A.D. 337-425}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Wood_I._1998b, address={Malden, Mass}, title={Gregory of Tours and Clovis}, booktitle={Debating the Middle Ages: issues and readings}, publisher={Blackwell Publishers}, author={Wood and I.}, year={1998} }

@book{Wood, I. N._1994, address={London}, title={The Merovingian kingdoms, 450-751}, publisher={Longman}, author={Wood, I. N.}, year={1994} }

@book{Wood, I. N._2001, address={Harlow}, title={The missionary life: saints and the evangelisation of Europe, 400-1050}, publisher={Longman}, author={Wood, I. N.}, year={2001} }

@book{Yorke, Barbara_1999, address={Stroud}, title={The Anglo-Saxons}, volume={Sutton pocket histories}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Yorke, Barbara}, year={1999} }

@book{Yorke, Barbara_2006, address={Harlow}, title={The conversion of Britain: religion, politics, and society in Britain, c.600-800}, volume={Religion, politics, and society in Britain}, publisher={Pearson Education}, author={Yorke, Barbara}, year={2006} }

@book{Pohl, Walter_Reimitz, Helmut_1998, address={Leiden}, title={Strategies of distinction: the construction of ethnic communities, 300-800}, volume={Transformation of the Roman world}, publisher={Brill}, year={1998} }

@book{Pohl_Reimitz_1998, address={Leiden}, title={Strategies of distinction: the construction of ethnic communities, 300-800}, volume={The transformation of the Roman world}, publisher={Brill}, year={1998} }

@misc{Carolingian Polyptyques }

@misc{Hastings 1066 Website }

Bibliography for Early Medieval Europe BETA